1. Symmetric, Skew-symmetric and Orthogonal matrices
Def. Symmetric, Skew-symmetric and Orthogonal matrices
A real square matrix $A$ = [$a_jk$] is called symmetric : $A^T$ = $A$
skew-symmetric : $A^T$ = -$A$
orthogonal : $A^T$ = $A^{-1}$ → $AA^T$ = $I$
cf) skew-symmetric : 대각선 성분들이 모두 0인 특성을 가짐
cf) 모든 matrix 는 R + S 로 나타낼 수 있다.
R : symmetric matrix → $1/2$($A$ + $A^T$)
S : skew-symmetric matrix → $1/2$($A$ - $A^T$)
Theorem 1」 Eigenvalues of symmetric & skew-symmetric matrices
a) The symmetric matrix 의 eigenvalues 들은 real 값이다.
b) The skew-symmetric matrix 의 eigenvalues 들은 pure imaginary 또는 zero 다.
2. Orthogonal Transformations and Orthogonal matrices
(1) Orthogonal transformations

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