1. Determinant of second-order D = det(A) = |A| = $\begin{vmatrix} a_{11} & a_{12}\cr b_{11} & b_{12} \end{vmatrix}$ · Cramer's rules for the 2 x 2 matrix equation 2. Determinant of third-order · Cramer's rules for the 3 x 3 matrix equation 3. Fundamental Subspaces m : #식 n : #변수 · Col(A) : Column space (image) in $R^m$ · Row(A) : Row space (coimage) in $R^n$ · Null(A) : Null space (kernel) in $..